Gynecomastia: Causes, Assessment and Treatment Options
Gynecomastia is enlargement of male breast gland tissue. It can affect one or both sides and may occur with tenderness. Chest fullness can also be mainly fat or, less commonly, another condition, so diagnosis should precede cosmetic treatment.
Causes and assessment
Hormonal change, medicines, substances and some health conditions can contribute. Assessment may include history, examination of the chest and testicles, medicine review and selected blood tests or imaging. A hard or one-sided lump, nipple discharge, skin change or enlarged lymph node needs prompt medical assessment.
Treatment options
Options depend on cause, duration and symptoms and may include observation, changing a contributing medicine only with the prescriber, treatment of an underlying condition, weight management, liposuction for suitable fat, gland excision or combined surgery.
Surgical risks
Risks include bleeding, infection, fluid collection, contour irregularity, asymmetry, altered nipple sensation, scarring, skin or nipple injury, blood clots, dissatisfaction and revision. A flat or perfectly symmetrical chest cannot be promised.
The NCBI clinical overview discusses causes and evaluation. See Revitalize’s male chest reduction information, named doctors and assessment route.
Keep learning
Got more questions? We answer them every week
Short, practical videos on preparing for treatment, travelling and recovering, plus a community group where you can ask our team directly.
Travelling from South Africa?
Read Gynaecomastia Surgery in Turkey, written for patients flying from Johannesburg or Cape Town: the e-Visa, how long to stay in İzmir and what to arrange at home. Or see all guides for South African patients.