Causes of Gum Disease: Risks, Symptoms and Treatment

Gum disease is mainly caused by a persistent bacterial plaque response at the gum margin. Gingivitis can cause redness and bleeding; periodontitis can damage the tissues and bone supporting teeth.

Risk factors

Smoking, diabetes, ineffective plaque removal, some medicines, dry mouth, genetic susceptibility and difficulty accessing dental care can increase risk or severity. Hormonal changes may affect gum response, but bleeding should not simply be accepted without assessment.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Warning signs include bleeding, swelling, persistent bad breath, gum recession, loose teeth, changing gaps or bite and pus. A dentist or hygienist may measure gum pockets, assess plaque and bleeding and use X-rays where indicated.

Prevention and treatment

Daily cleaning at the gum line and between teeth, stopping smoking, diabetes management and regular professional review are important. Treatment may include personalised hygiene instruction, professional cleaning, root-surface instrumentation or specialist periodontal care. No routine or food guarantees prevention or a fixed percentage improvement.

Review Revitalize’s gum disease information, dental treatment overview and assessment route.