Glaucoma and Eye Pressure: Causes, Tests and Treatment

Glaucoma describes a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. Eye pressure is an important risk factor, but glaucoma can occur at different pressure levels. Damage is often gradual and may not cause early symptoms, so an eye examination is essential.

How pressure and optic-nerve damage are assessed

Fluid normally circulates through the front of the eye and drains through specialised tissue. Reduced drainage can raise pressure, but diagnosis is not based on one pressure reading alone. Assessment may include optic-nerve examination, pressure measurement, visual-field testing, corneal thickness and imaging.

Risk factors and treatment

Risk varies with age, family history, ancestry, eye anatomy, previous eye injury, steroid exposure and some medical conditions. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may include prescription eye drops, laser or surgery. The aim is to reduce the risk of further damage; lost vision is generally not restored.

When to seek urgent care

Sudden severe eye pain, a red eye, blurred vision, halos, headache, nausea or vomiting can indicate acute angle-closure glaucoma and requires urgent medical attention.

The NHS glaucoma guide explains symptoms, testing and treatment. For care coordination, use Revitalize’s assessment route and confirm the named contracted eye specialist and facility before making travel plans.